Rat nhieu tap chi tin hoc hien nay khi noi den viec chinh sua moi thu trong Windows deu de cap den Registry. Vay Registry la gi? No nam o dau trong Windows? Cau tao cua no nhu the nao? Cac thu thuat chinh sua Registry?...
Registry duoc xem la mot “chia khoa toi thuong” de xam nhap vao Windows va hau nhu chi dung cho gioi chuyen mon cao. Voi nhung nguoi dung binh thuong thi Registry cua Windows gan nhu la mot “dam rung” gan nhu khong co loi ra. Chung toi xin tong hop mot so kien thuc ve Registry de ban tham khao.
1. Mot vai kien thuc co ban ve Registry:
Registry la mot co so du lieu dung de luu tru moi thong so ky thuat cua Windows. No ghi nhan tat ca cac thong tin khi ban thay doi hoac chinh sua trong Menu Settings, Control Panel v.v
Trong Window 95 va Windows 98 thi Registry duoc luu lai trong 2 file la: user.dat va system.dat trong thu muc Windows. Trong Windows Me, Registry duoc luu trong file Classes.dat trong thu muc Windows. Trong Windows 2000 va Windows XP, thi Registry duoc luu trong thu muc “Windows\System32\Config”.
Ban co the chinh sua Registry cua cac Windows bang trinh Registry Editor co san trong Windows bang cach vao cua so Run va go lenh “Regedit”.
Registry co cau truc hinh cay, tuong tu nhu cau truc cua cay thu muc voi rat nhieu nhanh con toa ra tuy theo cau truc ung dung. Thong thuong Registry cua Windows co 5 nhanh chinh, moi nhanh dam nhan vien luu tru nhung thong tin rieng biet. Moi nhanh chinh toa ra rat nhieu nhanh con va nhung nhanh con nay cung luu tru vo so thong tin dac thu ve moi thu co trong Windows.
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT: Luu nhung thong tin dung chung cho toan bo he thong.
HKEY_CURRENT_USER: Luu nhung thong tin cho nguoi dung dang su dung hoac dang nhap vao Windows.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE: Luu nhung thong tin ve he thong, phan cung, phan mem…
HKEY_USERS: Luu nhung thong tin cua tat ca cac User (nguoi dung), moi user la mot nhanh voi ten la so ID dinh dang cua user do.
HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG: Luu thong tin ve phan cung hien tai dang dung.
Nhung nguoi dung thanh thao Windows muon hieu sau hon ve he thong deu can tim hieu ky ve Registry cang nhieu cang tot vi nhung ly do sau:
- Registry luu tat ca cac thong tin ve phan cung, phan mem, nhung lua chon cua nguoi dung....kiem soat duoc noi dung cua Registry la yeu cau tat yeu de ban su dung may tinh mot cach khoa hoc, hieu sau hon ve moi truong lam viec cua Windows.
- Muon tien xa hon trong ky thuat lap trinh tren nen Windows, cach bao mat, tham chi be khoa phan mem hay dot nhap vao may tinh cua nguoi khac… thi ban deu can phai co hieu biet nhat dinh ve Registry.
- Hau het cac thu thuat trong Windows ma cac tap chi tin hoc ten tuoi da dang tai deu lien quan mat thiet den Registry. Cac cong cu co the tac dong vao Windows do gioi phan mem tao nen da so cung deu dua tren co so “xam nhap” Registry bang cac cong cu duoc thiet ke than thien va truc quan hon.
2. Canh bao khi su dung Registry Editor
Tat ca moi thu ton tai trong he thong Windows deu de lai nhung "mat ma" hoac chia khoa cuc ky trong yeu trong Registry. Viec tac dong vao nhung ma khoa nay co the chi anh huong den mot phan nho nao do cua Windows, nhung doi khi co tac dong den toan bo he thong. Khi "trot dai" chinh sua sai mot vai "key" toi quan trong nao do la co the lam cho Winsows bi te liet hoac hu hong hoan toan.
Khi ban da “dam” xam nhap vao Registry Editor dieu bat buoc truoc tien la ban phai sao luu lai Registry cua minh bang cach chay Registry Editor -> File -> Export va luu file co duoi .REG nay vao cho an toan de neu co chinh sua sai thi van phuc hoi lai duoc nguyen trang he thong. Khi muon phuc hoi lai Registry nguyen thuy thi vao lai Registry Editor -> File -> Import -> Tim den file .REG da luu de tien hanh phuc hoi.
3. Mot vai luu y khi chinh sua Registry - Dong chu dung sau cac tu: User Key, Sytem Key, hoac Key cho biet duong dan den nhanh can sua chua hoac tao moi neu no khong ton tai. Luu y rang User Key la de thay doi do co tac dung voi nguoi dang dang nhap (Logon); System Key la de thay doi do co tac dung voi tat ca nguoi dung.
- Dong Name la ten cua khoa can tao, no la nhanh con ben cua so ben phai cua Registry.
- Dong Type la kieu du lieu cua khoa moi tao.
- Dong Value la gia tri cua khoa.
Sau khi da sao luu Registry goc va biet cach phuc hoi, hau nhu ban da co the thoai mai “tung hoanh” trong Registry. De tro thanh mot “chuyen gia Registry” thuc su khong phai la qua kho khan, ban chi can co mot von tieng Anh du de doc va hieu dung tat ca nhung gi ma Microsoft da trinh bay bang tieng Anh trong Windows.
Khi da hieu het moi tu ngu trong Registry, ban co the vao “voc” bang cach chinh sua lai cac thong so mac dinh bang cac thong so cua minh, sau do luu lai Registry, thoat khoi tai khoan User dang dung, dang nhap lai vao tai khoan da bi chinh Registry, truy vao khoan muc da chinh sua de xem tac dung cua no. Neu no qua nhanh, qua cham hoac… “liet” hoan toan thi ban nen vao lai Registry de dieu chinh no ve lai thong so cu. Neu khong nho noi nhung thong so da bi chinh sua thi hay tien hanh thi phuc hoi lai Registry nguyen goc.
By Thien Trang Article source http://w4rum.com/37.t
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